Republic of Peru
South America · Pacific coast, the Andes and the Amazon
- Capital
- Lima
- Largest city
- Lima
- Languages
- Spanish; Quechua, Aymara and other native languages are official where they predominate
- Demonym
- Peruvian
- Government
- Unitary presidential republic with a two-chamber Congress (restored in 2026)
- President
- Keiko Fujimori (since 28 July 2026)
- Currency
- Peruvian sol (PEN · S/)
- Area
- 1,285,216 km² (CIA World Factbook)
- WTO member
- Yes — since 1 January 1995
- Trade agreements
- 22 agreements in force with 58 countries, including China, the US and the EU
Peru's Geography & People
Peru lies on the Pacific coast of South America. Its territory spans a narrow desert coast, the Andes mountains and a large share of the Amazon rainforest.
Lima, the capital and largest city, together with the port of Callao, handles a large share of the country's trade.
Peru's Economy
Mining dominates Peru's exports, led by copper and gold, both boosted in 2026 by high world prices. Peru is also a major exporter of fresh fruit, including avocados, grapes and blueberries.
Its fishing industry produces fishmeal, fish oil and frozen squid, although catches and exports fell in 2026.
Peru's Trade Policy
Peru has 22 trade agreements in force with 58 countries, including China and the United States, and 91% of its exports go to markets covered by an agreement (Mincetur, July 2026). It is a member of the Andean Community, the Pacific Alliance and the CPTPP.
Keiko Fujimori became president on 28 July 2026, as Peru returned to a two-chamber Congress.
Peru's Trade Position
Peru's exports have grown for 27 consecutive months (Mincetur), driven by mining.
China alone takes more than a third of Peruvian exports, mainly copper concentrates.
Peru's Top Trading Partners
Goods · Jan–Jul 2026 · SUNAT data| # | Partner | Total Trade | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇨🇳 China | $37,184M | 36.2% |
| 2 | 🇺🇸 United States | $13,477M | 13.1% |
Exports plus imports. Only China and the United States can be ranked, because published import figures by country stop at these two (plus the EU as a bloc, $8,981M two-way). Sources: ADEX, Reporte de Exportaciones, July 2026 (SUNAT data); Mincetur, Reporte Mensual de Comercio, July 2026.
India is Peru's second-largest export market
India bought more Peruvian goods than the United States in January–July 2026, mostly raw gold: $5,336.5M of gold alone (ADEX, SUNAT data). Check trade obstacles for your product →
Other Country Profiles
Import Summary
Peru's Top Import Sources
Goods · Jan–Jul 2026 · MinceturLATEST| # | Country | Imports | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇨🇳 China | $12,844M | |
| 2 | 🇺🇸 United States | $7,506M |
Mincetur's July report names China, the United States and the European Union (a bloc, $3,362M) as the main sources of imports; values for other countries were not published. Shares are of total imports ($39,262M, implied by reported exports and the trade surplus).
Peru's Top Imported Products
Jan–Jul 2026 · MinceturLATEST| # | Product | Imports | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vehicles | $3,625M | 9.2% | — |
| 2 | Diesel | $2,640M | 6.7% | — |
| 3 | Information technology equipment | $2,522M | 6.4% | — |
| 4 | Crude oil | $2,069M | 5.3% | — |
| 5 | Mobile phones | $1,040M | 2.6% | — |
The main import lines named in Mincetur's July 2026 report; year-on-year changes by product were not published.
Peru's Import Trend
Goods · US$| Period | Goods Imports | Change vs a year earlier |
|---|---|---|
| Jan–Jul 2026 | $39,262M | — |
Imports are implied by Mincetur's reported exports ($63,521M) and trade surplus ($24,259M). A comparable 2025 figure was not published in the same report.
A Peru–India trade agreement is under negotiation
Talks began in 2017. Peru's foreign minister said in January 2026 that he expected an agreement during the year, and Mincetur confirmed in July 2026 that negotiations with India were continuing. Until then, Indian goods pay Peru's standard tariffs. Check import duty for your product →
Export Summary
Peru's Top Export Markets
Goods · Jan–Jul 2026 · SUNAT dataLATEST| # | Country | Exports | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇨🇳 China | $24,340M | |
| 2 | 🇮🇳 India | $6,184M | |
| 3 | 🇺🇸 United States | $5,971M | |
| 4 | 🇨🇦 Canada | $3,277M | |
| 5 | 🇨🇭 Switzerland | $2,323M | |
| 6 | 🇯🇵 Japan | $2,108M | |
| 7 | 🇰🇷 South Korea | $2,006M |
Exports to the EU as a bloc were $5,618.5M (8.8%); Australia follows the listed countries with $1,530.4M. Individual EU member states are not broken out, so the ranking stops at seven. Exports to India rose 151.7%, to China 37.5% and to the US 20.9%. Source: ADEX, Reporte de Exportaciones, July 2026 (SUNAT data).
Peru's Top Exported Products
Jan–Jul 2026 · ADEX export sectorsLATEST| # | Product | Exports | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Traditional mining (copper, gold, zinc, lead, silver, etc.) | $46,283M | 72.9% | ▲ 49.2% |
| 2 | Agro-industry (fresh fruit, vegetables, processed food) | $6,017M | 9.5% | ▲ 2.2% |
| 3 | Hydrocarbons (oil products, natural gas) | $2,799M | 4.4% | ▲ 28.4% |
| 4 | Chemicals | $1,536M | 2.4% | ▲ 11.0% |
| 5 | Fishing & aquaculture products (for human consumption) | $1,443M | 2.3% | ▲ 1.4% |
| 6 | Iron, steel & non-ferrous metal products | $1,372M | 2.2% | ▲ 10.4% |
| 7 | Traditional fishing products (fishmeal, fish oil) | $1,318M | 2.1% | ▼ 19.7% |
| 8 | Clothing | $670M | 1.1% | ▼ 6.3% |
| 9 | Non-metallic mining products | $563M | 0.9% | ▼ 1.2% |
| 10 | Traditional agriculture (mainly coffee) | $535M | 0.8% | ▲ 0.4% |
Export sectors as classified by ADEX from SUNAT data; they do not overlap. Change versus January–July 2025. Source: ADEX, Reporte de Exportaciones, July 2026.
Peru's Export Trend
Goods, FOB · US$| Period | Goods Exports | Change vs a year earlier |
|---|---|---|
| Jan–Jul 2026 | $63,521M | ▲ 33.3% |
The Central Reserve Bank of Peru reports a higher total ($66,506M, ▲ 36.9%) because it adds mining shipments not yet regularised with customs; this page uses SUNAT customs data throughout.
Peru's Leading Individual Products
Jan–Jul 2026 · Mincetur| Product | Exports | Change |
|---|---|---|
| Copper | $21,607M | ▲ 43.3% |
| Gold | $16,394M | ▲ 56.9% |
| Lead & silver concentrates | $3,504M | ▲ 105.7% |
| Zinc | $1,669M | ▲ 11.0% |
| Avocados | $1,187M | ▲ 7.3% |
| Grapes | $806M | ▲ 18.2% |
| Blueberries | $649M | ▲ 60.8% |
Individual products named in Mincetur's July report. This is not a complete ranking: other large exports, such as molybdenum, are not in Mincetur's list (liquefied natural gas exports were $998.9M, per ADEX).
Copper exports to India are surging
Peru's copper concentrate exports to India rose 386.2% to $731.2M in January–July 2026, on top of its large gold shipments (ADEX, SUNAT data). Check trade obstacles →