Russian Federation
Eastern Europe and Northern Asia · the world's largest country by area
- Capital
- Moscow
- Largest city
- Moscow
- Language
- Russian
- Demonym
- Russian
- Government
- Federal semi-presidential republic
- President
- Vladimir Putin
- Currency
- Russian ruble (RUB · ₽)
- Area
- ~17.1 million km²
- WTO member
- Yes — since 2012
- Trade bloc
- Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
- Note on sources
- Customs publishes totals by product group and region, not by country
Russia's Geography & People
Russia spans Eastern Europe and Northern Asia and is the largest country in the world by area, stretching across eleven time zones.
Moscow is the capital and largest city; Saint Petersburg is the second city and a major Baltic port.
Russia's Economy
Russia is a major commodity exporter: oil and petroleum products, natural gas, coal, metals, fertilisers, grain and gold. Its export earnings move closely with global commodity prices.
In 2026, rising prices on global commodity markets lifted the value of Russian exports (Bank of Russia).
Russia's Trade Policy
Russia is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union and has been a WTO member since 2012. Since 2022 it has faced extensive sanctions from the United States, the EU, the UK and others, including a price cap on Russian oil.
The EU lowered its oil price cap to $48 a barrel under its 18th sanctions package, and the US sanctioned major Russian oil companies in late 2025 (Bank of Russia).
Russia's Trade Position
Russia runs a large goods trade surplus, partly offset by a services deficit driven mainly by Russians' spending on foreign travel (Bank of Russia).
Since 2022 its trade has shifted decisively towards Asia, and China is now its largest trading partner.
Russia's Top Trading Partners
Partner-reported · 2025Russia's Federal Customs Service publishes trade totals by product group and by region, but not by individual country. The figures below are what Russia's main partners report for their own trade with Russia. China is by far the largest partner, with $228.1 billion of two-way trade in 2025.
| # | Partner | Exports to Russia | Imports from Russia | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇨🇳 China | $103.3B | $124.8B | 2025 |
| 2 | 🇪🇺 European Union | €30.1B | €27.8B | 2025 |
| 3 | 🇮🇳 India | under $5B | $55.4B | FY2025-26 |
| 4 | 🇹🇷 Türkiye | $6.7B | $42.3B | 2025 |
| 5 | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | ~$8.1B | ~$19.3B | 2025 |
Each partner's own customs statistics, so periods and valuation differ and the list is not a full ranking: Belarus, the UAE and some other partners publish little bilateral detail. EU figures are in euros. Kazakhstan's values are calculated from the shares of its 2025 exports and imports that its Bureau of National Statistics attributes to Russia. Sources: China Customs (GACC); Eurostat; India, Ministry of Commerce and Industry; Türkiye, Ministry of Trade and TurkStat; Kazakhstan, Bureau of National Statistics.
India–Russia trade eased in FY2025-26
India's imports from Russia fell 13% to $55.36 billion in FY2025-26, as refiners diversified their crude supplies, though Russia remained India's largest crude supplier (Ministry of Commerce and Industry data). Total bilateral trade was about $60 billion; the two countries target $100 billion by 2030. Check trade obstacles →
Other Country Profiles
Import Summary
Russia's Top Import Sources
Partner-reported · 2025China supplies far more goods to Russia than any other country: China Customs reports $103.3 billion of exports to Russia in 2025, mainly machinery, vehicles and electronics.
| # | Partner | Goods sent to Russia | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇨🇳 China | $103.3B | 2025 |
| 2 | 🇪🇺 European Union | €30.1B | 2025 |
| 3 | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | ~$8.1B | 2025 |
| 4 | 🇹🇷 Türkiye | $6.7B | 2025 |
| 5 | 🇮🇳 India | under $5B | FY2025-26 |
Exports to Russia as reported by each partner; not a full ranking (Belarus is a major supplier but publishes little bilateral detail). Kazakhstan's value is calculated from published shares. Sources: GACC; Eurostat; Kazakhstan Bureau of National Statistics; Türkiye Ministry of Trade; India Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
Russia's Top Imported Products
Goods · Jan–Jul 2026 · FCSLATEST| # | Product group | Imports | Share | Change vs a year earlier |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Machinery, equipment and vehicles | $84.7B | 48.6% | ▲ 14.5% |
| 2 | Chemical products and rubber | $35.0B | 20.1% | ▲ 10.8% |
| 3 | Food and agricultural raw materials | $25.7B | 14.8% | ▲ 5.1% |
| 4 | Textiles, textile goods and footwear | $11.9B | 6.8% | ▲ 11.5% |
Broad product groups from Russia's Federal Customs Service; total goods imports were $174.2 billion in January–July 2026. Share is of that total. Customs totals differ from the Bank of Russia balance-of-payments figures used in the Import Trend above because of methodology. Source: Federal Customs Service of Russia, January–July 2026 results (September 2026).
Russia's Import Trend
Goods · balance of payments basis · US$| Period | Goods Imports | Change vs a year earlier |
|---|---|---|
| Jan–Jul 2026 | $192.8B | ▲ 15.0% |
| Jan–Jul 2025 | $167.7B | — |
Bank of Russia estimate, 14 September 2026. Figures follow balance-of-payments methodology.
What India sells to Russia
India's exports to Russia are led by machinery, pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals (India Brand Equity Foundation, Commerce Ministry data). India is pushing to sell more pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, auto components and food to Russia to narrow its large trade gap. Check import duty for your product →
Export Summary
Russia's Top Export Markets
Partner-reported · 2025China and India together buy the largest share of Russian goods, mostly crude oil. China Customs reports $124.8 billion of imports from Russia in 2025; India imported $55.4 billion in FY2025-26.
| # | Partner | Goods bought from Russia | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇨🇳 China | $124.8B | 2025 |
| 2 | 🇮🇳 India | $55.4B | FY2025-26 |
| 3 | 🇹🇷 Türkiye | $42.3B | 2025 |
| 4 | 🇪🇺 European Union | €27.8B | 2025 |
| 5 | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | ~$19.3B | 2025 |
Imports from Russia as reported by each partner; not a full ranking (Belarus and the UAE publish little bilateral detail). EU figure in euros; Kazakhstan's value is calculated from published shares. Sources: GACC; India Ministry of Commerce and Industry; Türkiye Ministry of Trade and TurkStat; Eurostat; Kazakhstan Bureau of National Statistics.
Russia's Top Exported Products
Goods · Jan–Jul 2026 · FCSLATEST| # | Product group | Exports | Share | Change vs a year earlier |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mineral products (oil, gas, coal) | $146.9B | 55.8% | ▲ 11.4% |
| 2 | Metals and metal products | $48.1B | 18.3% | ▲ 21.2% |
| 3 | Food and agricultural raw materials | $25.7B | 9.8% | ▲ 24.9% |
Broad product groups from Russia's Federal Customs Service; total goods exports were $263.4 billion in January–July 2026. Share is of that total. These are the broad groups in the customs service's published results. Source: Federal Customs Service of Russia, January–July 2026 results (September 2026).
Russia's Export Trend
Goods · balance of payments basis · US$| Period | Goods Exports | Change vs a year earlier |
|---|---|---|
| Jan–Jul 2026 | $271.8B | ▲ 16.3% |
| 2025 (full year) | $419.0B | ▼ 3.0% |
Bank of Russia estimates (14 September 2026) and 2025 Q4 balance-of-payments commentary. Figures follow balance-of-payments methodology.
Russia's Exports by Region
2025 · FCS via Bank of Russia| Region | Share of Russian exports |
|---|---|
| Asia | 78% |
| Europe | 14% |
| Africa | 5% |
| Americas | 3% |
The customs service still releases this regional split, which the Bank of Russia reports. Source: Bank of Russia, balance of payments commentary for 2025 Q4.
Russia is now India's second-largest supplier
India imported $25.6 billion of goods from Russia in April–June 2026, up 52.6% year on year, mostly crude oil. Only China supplied more (Ministry of Commerce and Industry, India). Check trade obstacles →